computer science
Tuesday, 30 August 2016
Thursday, 25 August 2016
PIPELINING OF 8086 PROCESSOR
The
concept of pipe lining was introducing by intel with 8086 processors. due to
this concept the execution of the program becomes faster. the pipe line is
nothing but a queue of 6 instruction pre fetched from the memory. The first instruction of
queue when queue is going to execution unit as ALU then the queue move forward
and one new instruction come from memory so that the queue always field from 6 instructions.
The ALU does not has to wait for the instruction come from memory. The instruction
already pre fetched and made available for the ALU
microprocessors Evolution
Memory segment of 8086 microprocessor
MEMORY
SEGMENTATION OF 8086 PROCESSOR
The 8086 processor can
access a total of 1MB of memory by using 20bit address. But the total 1MB memory
is not used as a whole instead there are four segment created in the entire memory.
The size of each segment is 64KB these segments are called
1.
Code segment
2.
Data segment
3.
Stack segment
4.
Extra segment
A example of memory segmentation is shown in figure above where the code segment start from 2000H to 2FFFFH all the address are a Hexa decimal system the data segment address are 40000H to 4FFFFH similarly stack segment is from 70000H to 7FFFFH and extra segment address are from 80000H to 8FFFFH
so,each segment has a range of address from 0000H to FFFFH. It is a 16 bit address range. so, total address are 216 = 64KB per segment.
Wednesday, 24 August 2016
ELECTRONICS
Basic of microprocessor
The complete CPU circuit which is
fabricated on single IC chip is called microprocessor
microprocessor contains the ALU,
Control unit and number of register for different purpose
Externally it has number of pins as
data bus, control bus, address bus, and some other communication signal. A
microprocessor is programmable device which can perform a number of arithmetic
and logic operation. It requires input devices and output devices and memory.
Features of 8085 processor
1. It is 40 pins IC in the
form of dual in line package(DIP)
2. It requires +5v DC power
supply with respect to ground
3. It is an 8bit
microprocessor that mean it receives 8bit data, 8bit instruction and generate
8bit result
4. Its internal register is
also 8bit wide and its ALU and Accumulator are also 8bit size
5. It generates 16bit address
for memory so, it is able to access
216 =64KB of memory
6. It operates at clock
frequency of 3MHZ
7. its instruction set
contains 78 different instructions of these instruction.
8. It can transmit and
receives data both in serial as well as parallel formats.
9. It supports both hardware
as well as software interrupt operations there are five interrupts available in
pins and there are 8 software interrupts available as instructions
10.
Its data bus Address bus are multiplex that mean some set of 8bit
carry the address as well as data on time shearing bases
11.
The internal circuitry of 8085 uses 6500 switching transistor of MOS
technology
12.
It was launched in the year of 1976 by intel corporation of US
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